The orthodromic distance (distance between 2 points on a sphere).
The distance between Genova (44° 24' N, 8° 56' E) and Sydney (33° 52' S, 151° 12' E).
Earth radius is about 6370 km.
(I turn 60s into cents: 56 → 93, …; 33° S → − 33)
The distance between Genova and Sydney is 16600 km.
The position of P = (45° N, 60° E):
